The population of Janesville was 13,185 at the time of the census. The city was a major agricultural center, and a land survey encouraged pioneers to relocate there. The area was well-suited to farming, and pioneers planted wheat and other grains. The area also became active in the abolitionist and women's rights movements. Along the river, businesses grew. A company called Doty Manufacturing started manufacturing agricultural implements around 1850. They expanded to manufacturing other items, including a washing machine. By the mid-1870s, the company was thriving.
A local historian, Lowell "Bud" Gruver, a lifelong resident of Janesville, Wisconsin, generously donated his collection of historical photographs to the Janesville Public Library. Gruver's goal was to share the history of Janesville with as many people as possible. By digitizing Gruver's collection, the city has made it easier for others to view the photos. The project has expanded the reach of the collection, which will become a resource for local residents and visitors alike.
The Janesville Woman's Club opened in 1928 and was a lasting accomplishment for the community. Today, it continues to serve the community. The city was also the site of a major factory for GM. During the Great Depression, workers were dissatisfied with their pay and conditions, and started demanding their rights. Today, the city's downtown area has many businesses, including SHINE.