For the past year, Chatham's population has fluctuated, with a decline of almost 6% and a gain of about 12%. The city's population was 1,002 residents in 2010 and approximately 812 students, or 13.3% of the overall population. The city's projected population in 2025 is 6,415 people. The most recent census figures suggest a decline in the number of school children and a rise in the number of senior citizens.
Despite these differences, Chatham residents remain fairly young, with a median age of more than 58 years in 2016. In 2016, this figure compared to the state and Barnstable County was almost the same. However, Chatham has a lower rate of residents aged under 18, with a percentage of 13.9% compared to 20.6% for Barnstable County. The state as a whole, on the other hand, has a population between the ages of 18 and 34.
The city's housing stock is largely older and was built before the 1980s. Consequently, many homes have deferred maintenance and lead-based paint. Both are health hazards, and children can be exposed to lead-based paint. Moreover, the city is heavily dependent on septic systems that are not always up to the task. Ultimately, the low-income level of the community can lead to an increase in crime.
While Chatham is among the most desirable places to live, it has a housing affordability problem that must be addressed strategically. Chatham needs to develop new housing types that will meet the needs of its residents while complementing the town's small-town seaside character. It can do this through proactive housing policy. However, to do this, the city must continue to invest in infrastructure that supports its small-town seaside character.