The population of Castleton-on-Hudson is approximately 1,473 according to the 2010 census. The town is located in the Rensselaer County, New York, which is southeast of Albany. Castleton was incorporated in 1827, and the population peaked in the late nineteenth century, when it was mostly along the Hudson River. There were several small industries in the town, including a hotel and a small port. The town suffered from a devastating flood in 1936, which destroyed a lot of the area. The town is now primarily residential, with light agriculture.
Age is a major demographic consideration, with the average age of residents being 38 years old. The age-skewed population of this town is consistent with a suburban bedroom community. The oldest population groups, such as those 65 and older, are more likely to be families with children, while the youngest is younger. The overall population of Castleton-on-Hudson City, NY has grown by 5% since 2000.